What is Group 11 called? (2024)

The characteristics of Group 11 are as follows:

1. Copper ($\mathrm{Cu}$), Silver ($\mathrm{Ag}$), and Gold ($\mathrm{Au}$), Roentgenium ($\mathrm{Rg}$) are the chemical elements of Group 11 in the periodic chart, according to modern IUPAC numbering.
2. Group 11 elements are inert and corrosion-resistant metals that are also known as coinage metals due to their use in coin minting.
3. The valence electronic configuration of Group 11 elements are $\left(\mathrm{n}-1\right){\mathrm{d}}^9{\mathrm{ns}}^1$ with $+1$oxidation state by the loss of single $\mathrm{ns}$ electron.
4. However, because of the relatively low values of the second and (for $\mathrm{Au}$) third ionization energies, higher oxidation states are known: $+2$ is prevalent for $\mathrm{Cu}$ and, to a lesser extent, $\mathrm{Ag}$, and $+3$ for $\mathrm{Au}$. Due to the half-filled $\mathrm{ns}$ orbital in neutral atoms, all three elements have large electron affinities.
5. These group elements have a period of 4 to 7 and a valence shell of 4 to 7.
6. The atomic number of Copper, Silver, Gold and Roentgenium are 29, 47, 79, and 111.
7. The atomic radii of the Group 11 elements are:

Elements	Atomic radii (pm)
Copper	128
Silver	144
Gold	144
Roentgenium	114 (predicted)